שׁ עוּר ז Diphthong & Dagesh

Transcription

1 Biblical 101 Learning to Read Biblical Lesson 7 שׁ עוּר ז Diphthong & Dagesh Lighting candles & eating challah is a wonderful way to welcome Shabbat. Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy, Exodus 20:8 NASB, from the Ten Commandments Continue reinforcing the aleph-bet 7.01 Sound-A-Like Consonants 7.02 Diphthongs 7.03 Fact: the Torah is the foundation of the Bible 7.04 Practice reading words with diphthongs 7.05 Dagesh kal & dagesh chazak 7.06 Practice reading words with dagesh 7.07 Introductory phrase to most blessings 7.08 Shabbat Blessings: candles, kiddush, & motzi 34 P a g e

2 7.01 Sound-A-Like consonants: consonants with the same sound Notice these consonants which sound-a-like: Letter Name of letter Sound ב vet v, as in vice ו vav v, as in vice ט tet t, as in tell ת tav t, as in tell ח chet ch, as in Bach כ chaf ch, as in Bach ך chaf sofit same sound ;כas only it is the final letter of a word כּ kaf k, as in keep ק koof k, as in keep שׂ sin (pronounced seen) s, as in set ס samech s, as in set 7.02 Diphthongs: two vowels that act as a unit & form a new sound Diphthong is a vowel with a with yod ( (י NOTE: dipthongs are long vowels ee as in sleep א י Chirek Yod ח ירק יוֹד ay as in stay א י Tsere Yod צ יר י יוֹד ay as in stay א י Segol Yod ס גוֹל יוֹד I as in isle א י Kamats Yod ק מ ץ יוֹד I as in isle א י Patach Yod פ ת ח יוֹד 7.03 FACT: Did you know? Generally, a J in English name is translated as a yod in. For example: Joseph in English is Yosef in ; Jacob, Ya kov; Jerusalem, Yerushalayim 35 P a g e

3 und-ake Consonants 7.04 Practice readings words with diphthongs Words with diphthongs (note: accented syllables are in bold & highlighted) Transliteration מ י ם water mi-yeem י ם sea yahm שׁ מ י ם heaven shah-mi-yeem lord, master (Josh 3:11, 13; Neh 7:61; Ps 12:5, 97:5, 105:21, 114:7, Jer 22:18, 34:5; Zech 4:14, 6:5) ah-dohn א ד נ י My Lord (Ps 110:1) Ah-doh-nee א דוֹן א ד נ י ה א ד נ ים א ד נ י יהוה ה א דוֹן יהוה א ד נ ינוּ Lord of the lords, hosts (Deut 10:17; Ps 136:3) Lord YHVH, Lord God (Gen 15:2, 8; Deut 3:24, 9:26; Jdg 6:22, 16:28; Ps 69:7, 71:5, 16; etc) The Lord YHVH, the Lord God (Ex 23:17, 34:23) our Lord (1Sam 16:16) Used to refer to leaders, eg King David (1Sam 25:14, 17; 1Ki 1:43, 47; Neh 10:30; Ps 8:2,10) Ah-doh -nay hahah-doh-neem Ah-doh-ni Yah-veh hah-ah-dohn Yahveh Ah-doh-nay-noo ה י ה he was hiy-yah ח ג י Haggai, as in the book of Haggai chahg-guy ב ין between bayn א יפ ה where? (interrogative or question word) ay-foh ס ינ י Sinai See-ni א לה ים God (Elohim) Eh-loh-heem ו יח נ ך and He will be gracious to you, will give you favor (from the Aaronic blessing [aka Birkat Kohanim or Priestly Blessing], Num 6:26) ח ן grace, favor, pleasant chehn ה יא she hee ח י live chi vee-choon-neh-chah ח י ים living or life chiy-yeem ל ח י ים to life! (a common toast) leh-chiy-yeem to you or upon you (this word is also in the Aaronic blessing [aka Birkat Kohanim or Priestly eh-lay-chah Blessing], Num 6:25) א לי ך \\\ 36 P a g e

4 7.05 Dagesh Kal & Dagesh Chazak 1. Dagesh kal ג שׁ ק ל) (ד is also called dagesh lene Changes the sound of the consonant. בגד כפת letters: The dagesh kal is only found in 6 ;ב to ב However, for this class we re only concerned with these 3 letters and their changes from.פ to פ from ;כ to כ from The Dagesh Kal never follows a vowel. The Dagesh Kal is either 1st letter of a word or opens a syllable. 2. Dagesh chazak ג שׁ ח ז ק) (ד is also called dagesh forte or dagesh strong When a dagesh is immediately preceded by a vowel, that dagesh is a dagesh chazek. The dagesh doubles consonant in which it stands. It is identical in appearance to dagesh kal. &,ע ayin:,ח chet:, ה hey:,א (aleph: A dagesh may be in any consonant except the 5 gutterals.(ר resh: sometimes Example: א ת+ת ה = א ת ה (aht-tah) Practice reading words with dagesh Practice recognizing dagesh kal & dagesh chazak *Note: the rule for each dagesh is named below 1:1) In the beginning (Gen בר א שׁית 1:2) When, because, or like (Ex כ י 25:2) he spoke (Lev ד בּ ר 1:1) in the wilderness or desert (Dt ב מ ד בר 1:2) the water (Gen ה מ י ם 1:3) Issachar (Ex י ש שכ ר 13:2) of every tribe (Num למ ט ה ה ג ד ה Haggadah (booklet that tells the story of the exodus from Egypt) Transliteration (please try to read before looking at transliteration) Syllable that is accented is shown below with yellow bold highlight. beh-reh-sheet. בגד כפת * Dagesh Kal (bet is part of the When a word begins with a bet, there is a change in pronunciation) kee * Dagesh Kal (caf is part of the בגד כפת. When a word begins with a chaf, the chaf changes to a kaf) dahb-behr (בגד כפת * Dagesh Kal (dalet is part of & Dagesh Chazak (bet is doubled because it follows a vowel.) bahm-meed-bahr ) בגד כפת * Dagesh Kal (bet is part of & Dagesh Chazak (mem is doubled because it follows a vowel.) hahm-may-yeem * Dagesh Chazak (mem is doubled because it follows a vowel.) Yees-sahs-chahr * Dagesh Chazak (sin is doubled because it follows a vowel.) leh-maht-teh * Dagesh Chazak (tet is doubled because it follows a vowel.) hahg-gah-dah * Dagesh Chazak (gimmel is doubled because it follows a vowel.) 37 P a g e

5 7.07 Introduction to most blessings: (This is similar to a preamble) ( You may listen to these blessings on the website. ) INTRODUCTORY WORDS: Virtually every blessing in begins with these 6 words יהוה א ת ה ב רוּ ך ה עוֹל ם מל ך א לה נוּ Praise You, YHVH, our God, King of the Universe Transliteration Note: accented syllable is bolded ב רוּ ך blessed or praise bah-ruch א ת ה you (masculine singular pronoun) aht-tah יהוה YHVH / LORD Adonai) YHVH (or א לה נוּ our God Eh-lo-hay-noo מל ך king meh-lech ה עוֹל ם of the universe hah-o-lahm 7.08 Shabbat blessings over candlelight, kiddush, and motzi ( You may listen to these blessings on the website. ) CANDLELIGHT BLESSING: add these words to the introductory words above א שׁר ק דשׁ נוּ במ צוֹת יו ו נ ת ן-ל נ ו א ת י ש וע מ שיח נ ו א ור ה ע ול ם. (א מ ן) Who makes us holy with His commandments; and gave to us Yeshua our Meshiach, the light of the world. Amen א שׁר who or which ah-shehr ק דשׁ נוּ makes us holy keed-dee-shah-noo במ צוֹת יו in His commandments beh-meetz-vo-tahv ונ ת ן and gave veh-nah-tahn to us lah-noo ל נוּ את (there is no equivalent term in English; it does note that a Direct Object will follow) eht Yeshua Yeh-shu-ah י שׁוּע משׁ יח נוּ our Messiah Meh-she-chay-nu אוֹר ohr light ( of is included in (אוֹר construction of ה עוֹל ם the world hah-o-lahm Transliteration Note: accented syllable is bolded 38 P a g e

6 ( You may listen to these blessings on the website. ) KIDDUSH (grape juice/wine) BLESSING: add to introductory words on previous page בוֹר א פר י ה ג פן (א מ ן) creates the fruit of the vine. Amen creates, makes, shapes, forms בוֹר א bo-reh פר י fruit of p ree ה ג פן the vine hah-gah-fehn Transliteration Note: accented syllable is bolded Yonah Black is getting ready to light Shabbat candles MOTZI (bread) BLESSING: add these words to introductory words on previous page ה מוֹצ יא לחם מ ן ה א ר ץ: (א מ ן) brings forth bread from the earth. Amen ה מוֹצ יא (Who) brings forth hahm-mo-tzee לחם bread leh-chehm מ ן from meen ה א ר ץ the earth hah-ah-rehtz Transliteration Note: accented syllable is bolded 39 P a g e